1.            BOTANICAL NAME

Argyrela speclosa Sweet. (Plate No. 1).

 

2.            FAMILY

Convolvulaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

Lettsomia nervosa Roxb.;

Argyreia nervosa (Burin. f.) Bojer.

 

4.         URDU NAME

Samandarsotha.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME (S)

                        Bengali-             Bichtarak;

            Hindi-                Samandark-apat, Samandarsokh, Sainudrasokh;
Sanskrit-            Samudrapatra, Samudrasosha;

            Sindhi­-            Samudrapolaka, Kantro;

                        Pushto-            Goamlay.

 

6.            UNANI / TIBBI NAME

Samandar Sokh.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

The Elephant Creeper, Small Wood-rose, Silver Morning-glory.

 

8.            HABITAT

Cultivated as an ornamental plant in Sindh and multan.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

A very large climber with stout, white tomentose stem.  Leaves are cordate, acute, glabrous about 18-30cin long.  Flowers rose purple and glabrous present in subcapitate cymes; peduncles long, stout, white-tomentose; bracts large ovate-lanceolate; pedicels short, white - tomen tose; sepals ovate to bi-oadly ovate. Fruit 2cm long subglobose, apiculate. Seed dark to light brown, glabrous.

 

10.       i.            PARTS USED

                        Leaves, root and seeds.

ii            TASTE

            Seeds-tasteless; Root-bitter.

iii            TEMPERAMENT

            Cold 2°, Moist 1°.

 

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

Plant flowers from April to September.  Fruits, mature by January.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

 Seeds are collected from mature and dry fruit.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

Tannin and ainber-coloured acid resin, fatty-oil.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

Tal-makhanalAsteracanthe (Asteracantha longifolia Nees syn.  Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders); Tukhum SarwalilFrench Merzygold (Celosia argentea Linn.) .

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

Roots- Alterative, tonic Leaves- Maturative, absorptive, rubefacient: and antiphlogistic. Seeds- Diuretic, aphrodisiac, sedative.

ii THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

Root- used in rheumatism, diseases of the nervous   system, synovitis and syphilis.Leaves- used as emollient-.poultices for wounds, and in skin diseases. Seeds- Powdered seeds are used in diseases of the urinary tract.  Show significant hypotensive and spasmolytic activity.

 

16.            DOSES

3-5 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

Honey; sugar and milk.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

Hab Nashat; Hab Asgand.

 

19.            ASTROLOGY

                        NIL.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Bambusa arundinacea Willd. /Retz. (Plate No. 2).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        GramineaelPoaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Bambusa bambos Druce. ; Arundo bambos Liriii.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Tabasheer.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

                        Arabic- Tabasheer;

                        Persian- Bansalc)chan, Tabashir;

                        Bengali- Bansalochan;

                        Pushto-­Tabashir;

                        Sindhi- Tabashir.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Tabasheer.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Thorny Bamboo, Bamboo Manna(the siliceous secretion).

 

8.            HABITAT

                        It is cultivated from the Ravi Eastwards.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

Bamboos are characterized by woody pointed stems called culins.  These grow 24-30m high in clumps on a stout root stock; nodes are prominent wi th transverse septa between internodes which are upt:o 45cm long; also have branchless arranged alternately in dense clusters. Leaves are 18-20cm           by 3cm, linear or linear lanceolate,  glabrous. Inflorescence an  enormous panicle often occupying the whole stem;  branchless bearing loose clusters      of pale, sube?rect, lanceolate, acute, glabrous spikelets. The profusely produced seeds are grains 5 – 8mm long, oblong with a groove on one side.

Tabasheer or banslochan is a siliceous secretion present in the culms of various species of bamboos. It is in the foi-in of fragments or masses, chalky, translucent or transparent, bluish-white or of the colour- of pumice.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

            Tabasheer (Bamboo Manna), the siliceotis secretion found in the culms of bamboos. Leaves.

            ii-TASTE

                        Tabasheer - tasteless.

                        Leaves - sour, acrid or bitter.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Col d 2°, Dry 2°.

 

 

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Flowers gregariously once in nearly 30 years and produces an abundant crop of grains.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        Banslochan is a chalky, translucent or transparent,  bluish-white silicec) us

                     secretion found in bamboo culms in the form of fragments. It is            the dry residue of the sap present in the hollow internodes.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Tabasheer contains silicic acid, traces of ron, calcium, alum and alkalies, potash, choline, diastatic and emulsifying enzyme, cyanogenetic glucoside.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Sumaq/Sumach(Rhus coriaria Linn.); Khurfah,

                        Kulfa/Purslane(Portulaca oleracea Linn.);

                        Tukham kasni/Endives (Cichorium intybus Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Leaves-anthelmintic, emnenagogue.  Bamboo Manna (tabashir)- aphrodisiac,      cooling tonic, cardiac tonic, refrigerant, astringent.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Leaves-Beneficial as an eye wash, in piles, biliousness, gonorrhoea, fever. bamboo Mana (Tabasheer) - Is used in asthma, cough, debilitating diseases, diarrhoea, tuberculous bronchitis, leprosy.

 

16. DOSES

 

            1-3 g.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

            Shehad/Honey; Mastagi/Mast:ic (Pistacia lentiscus Linn.); Zafran/Saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.),. Unnab/Jujube (zizyphus vulgaris Lam.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Hab-e-Tabasheer; Jawarish Tabasheer; c,afoof Satgilo; Hab-e-Taoon; Jawahar Mohra; Jawarish Ood Mulayyin.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Saturn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Borago offlclnalls Linn. (Plate No. 3).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Boraginaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Onosma bracteatum Wall.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Gaozaban.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

                        Hindi- GOjihva; Bengali- Gaozaban, Kashmir­-

                        Kazabun; Arabic- Taharatul sanulshur,

                        Lasanulsaur; Persian- Gaozaban; Pushto-

                        Gaozaban.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Lisan-al-Saur.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Borage, Beebread, Bee Plant.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Baluchistan, Quetta, Naraikotal, N. W. F. P.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            30-60cm high hispid annual or biennial, erect plant. Is mainly cultivated but also grows wild on wasteland. Flowers blue or purple, trumpet- shaped are symmetrical and grow in loose forked cymes at intervals on the stem; calyx consists of five separate, green linear-lanceolate sepals which exhibit a prominent mid-rib, flat base, acute apex and the surface is covered with prominent hairs; corolla is star shaped and composed of five blue petals which are ovate-lanceolate in shape and measure icm in length.  Leaf is simple, obovate or ovate in shape, 10-15cm in length and 5-8cm wide with an obtuse apex and crenate margin. The surface is hirsute. Upper leaves are sessile or shortly stalked and silky white beneath, while the lower ones exhibit a decurrent petiole, have a dark-.green upper surface with a greyish-green lower surface due to the prickly hairs.  Leaves have a cucumber like taste and odour.  Nutlets ovoid rough 4mm, acute.

 

 

 

 

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Dried leaves and flowers.

            ii-TASTE

Leaves-Cucumber like, acrid.  Flowers-Tasttless.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

Hot 10°, Moist 1°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        The plants occur during November to January.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            Plants are uprooted, washed and flowers separated.  These are then dried under shade.  Leaves are removed from the dried plants.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

i) Leaves- Acetic, lactic and malic acids, alkaloid, mucilage, pentoses,resin, cynogenic material, vitamin C. Potassium nitrate, calcium oxalate.

                           ii)Flowers- Carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Gul-e-surkh/Rose(Rosa dainascena Mill.); Badranjboya/Mountain Balm (Melissa parviflora Benth.); Kasni/Chicory, Succory (Cichorium intybus Linn.); Balchhad/Valerian (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Expectorant, demulcent, diaphoretic, cardiac tonic, refrigerant:, alterative, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, laxative.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

                        Relieves restlessness in fevers, functional palpitation of heart, irritation

            of bladder and stomach.  Is used in bronchial asthma, jaundice, dry cough, cold, catarrh, rheumatism, syphilis, leprosy and urogenital ailments.

 

16.             DOSES

i) Leaves- 4-6 g.

ii) Flowers- 5-7g.

 

 

 

 

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Sandal Sufaid/Sandalwood(Santalum albwn Linn.);

                        Murabba Halela (Terminalia chebula RE?tz.)

                        Sumaque/Sumach(Rhus parviflora Roxb.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Khameera Abresham Sada,.  Arq-e-Gaozaban; Khameera Gaozaban Ambari Jawaharwala; Khameera Gaozaban Ambari Jadwar Ood Salibwala.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Moon.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Butea monosperma Lam. (Plate No. 4).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Leguminosae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Butea frondosa Koenig ex Roxb.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Plaspapra, Tesu.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Bengali- Palas; Hindi- Tesu, Dhak, Palas,. Persian- Palah; Punjabi- Chichra, Sanckrit­-Palasha, Sindhi- Khalas papari; Pushto-­Kammarkas.

 

6.            UNANI / TIBBI NAME

                        Palas, Dhak, Tesu, Chenia Gond.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

            The Flame of the Forest, Butea Gum Tree. (The gum is known as Bengal Kino or Butea Kino).

 

8.            HABITAT

                        N.W.F.P and as far as Jhelum in Punjab.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

                        A deciduous tree with the crooked gnarled trunk, 3-5m in height; bark bluish-grey to light-brown. Leaves 3- foliate; leaflets leathery, hairy on the underside, terminal ones broad obovate whereas the lateral smaller, obliquely obovate. Flowers bright orange -red, large and in dense racemes; stalk dark brown velvety.  Calyx velvety jet black in colour.  Pendulous pod containing a sinqle seed.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Gum, seeds, leaves and flowers.

ii-TASTE

                      Acrid.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Dry 3°, Hot 3°

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        The tree flowers and fruits during March-  May.

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The bark of the tree yields a red juice which exudes from natural or artificial scars.  This hardens into a ruby -red vitreous gum which is collected.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

                        Gum contains tannin and gallic acid mucilaginous matter, pyrocatechin.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Gond Kikar / Gum Acacia (Acacia arabica Willd.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Gum-Astringent, viscositic, avoricious, desiccative, tonic.

                        Seeds-Anthelmintic.

                        Leaves -Astringent.

                        Flowers-Astringent,    diuretic, depurative, aphrodisiac.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Gum is useful in chronic diarrhoea, back-aches, piles; is a tonic for liver useful in chest and lung diseases, syphilis.

 

16.             DOSES

                        1-3 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

            Katira / Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Linn.); Gulab / Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.); Sandal / Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.).

 

18.            FORMULATION(S)

                        Hab Deedan; Sufuf Silane Raham.

 

19. ASTROLOGY

                        Saturn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Calotrop.is procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Plate No. 5).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Asclepiadaceae.-

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Calotropis hamiltoni; Asclepias procera Willd.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Aak, Madar.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Ochar, Osher; Burma- Mayopin; Hindi-­Ag, Ak, Akada, Madar, Safedak; Bengali- Akanda,. Punjabi- Ak, Shakarallighal, Shakarulushar; Sindhi- Ak; Persian- Khark; Sanskrit- Arka, Pushto- Spalmay.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Ushar, Aak.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Swallow - wart.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        It is found in Sindh, lower Baluchistan, Kurram, N.W.F.P and Punjab.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A    1.8-2.5m high erect shrub;    young parts covered with white cotton-like tomentum; bark soft, corky, spongy. Leaves subsessile, normally 5.7-15cm by    4.5-8.5cm, broadly ovate, ovate oblong, elliptic or obovate, with a short     abrupt  acumination, cottony pubescent when young, at length glabrous. Flowers in umbellate cymes which are at first tomentose, but becoming nearly

                        glabrous, buds globose calyx glabrous, sepals ovate, acute; corolla glabrous divided about two-third of the way down, lobes normally erect, ovate, acute.  Seeds 6 by 4mm., broadly ovate, acute, flattened, narrowly margined, minutely tomentose, light brown in colour.,

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Root bark, leaves, flowers, latex.

            ii-TASTE

                                Slightly bitter.

 

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 3°, Dry 3°.

 

 

 

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Grows throughout the year and flowers from September to February.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECI'ION

            Root Bark~ The root bark from old plants is selected for medicinal purposes.  The thick, corky epidermis is removed before reducing the root bark to a powder. Leaves- Usually collected when the plant flowers and healthy leaves are plucked off and shade dried.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Resins, proteins, alkaloids.  Leaves contain terpenoid, resin, glycosides, carbohydrates, calotropin, calotropagenin, calactin, aluminium, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Jamalghota / Croton Seeds (Croton tiglium Linn.) .

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOiGICAL ACTION(S)

            Rubefacient, expectorant, resolvent, sedative, emetic, aphrodisiac, laxative, anthelmintic.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Root Bark- valuable as remedy in skin diseases, dysentery.  Used to cure piles, cough, asthma, inflammation, ascites. Flowers- cure piles, asthma.  Are given in cholera, colds, coughs, indigestion. Leaves- are applied hot as poultice onto the stomach to relieve pain; also used as a cure for sprains, headache and other pains,. tincture used in intermittent fevers.

 

16.             DOSES

i) Bark- 5-10 g.

ii) Dry Leaves- 0.25-1 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Kalimirch / Pepper(Piper nigrum Linn.); Roghan-e-zard / Butter oil, Milk.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Hab-e-Gul-e-Aak; Roghan Haft-e-Burg.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Saturn.

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Carum bulbocastanum W. Koch. (Plate No. 6).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Umbelliferae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Carum nigrum Royle; Bunium persicum (Boiss) Febtsch.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Kala Zira.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic~ Kamun; Bengali- jira; Hindi- Shah Zirah, Kala Zirah, Kashmir- Gunyun; Pushto-­Tura Zankay; Persian- Kamun Karmani.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME                                                                                                                        zira Siah.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Black Caraway, Bulbous Caraway.

 

8.            HABITAT

            A common plant in the dry arid regions of Gilgit, Baltistan, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, N.W.F.P and Baluchistan.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A 15cm tall glabrous herb.  Root tuberous. Leaves 2-3 pinnate, lower petiolate, upper sessile.  Rays 6-16, 3.8cm long, unequal; pedicels 3-4 times longer than flowers.  Flowers white, petals lmm long.  Fruit 3-4mm dark brown with prominent thin ridges; furrows 1-vittate;  vittae large.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Seeds.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter, pungent.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 2°, Dry 30°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Is cultivated in the plains as a winter crop whereas in hilly areas as a summer crop.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.   PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

         In summer the fruit: bearing parts of the mature plants are trimmed and dried.

 

.13.    CONSTITUENTS

                        Essential Oil.

 

14.   SUBSTITUTES

                        Zeera Safaid / Cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn.).

 

15.   ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Carminative, bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, expectorant.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

                        Used as a digestive and in flatulence increases appetite, cures hiccough.

 

16.             DOSES

                        3-5 g.

 

17.   CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Kateera / Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Roxb.)

 

18.   IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Jawarish Kamoni.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Carum coptlcum Benth. & Hook. f. (Plate IVo. 7).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Umbelliferae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Trachyspermum ammi Linn; Ptychotis ajowan DC.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Ajwain.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Kamun-e-maluki; Bengali- Jowan, Juvani; Hindi - Ajowan, Ajwain; Kashmir- Jawind; Persian- Nankhwah; Pushto- Saparkay,.  Sanskrit- Ajamoda; Sindhi- Jowan.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Ajwain.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        The Bishop’s Weed, Lovage Fruit-Omum, Ajava Seeds.

 

8.            HABITAT

            Grows widely in Pakistan. Is commonly cultivated in Kurram, N.W.F.P. Punjab.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            An erect annual herb about 1m high,  glabrous or minutely pubescent.  Leaves rather  distant, 2-3pinnate.  Bracts many, linear, divided. Flowers    white in colour  and in umbels. Fruit dark brown, ovoid, about 2mm, dorsally

                        compressed and with distinct ridges.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruits / Seeds.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter, pungent.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 3°, Dry 3°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Seeds are sown from October to November. Flowers appear between February to May and fruits from May to June.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            On ripening of the fruits during April - May the plants are cut, dried and the fruit,­ removed by thrashing.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Essential oil containing thymol, p-cymene, a-pinene, a- t:erpinene, dipentene, carvacrol, protein, fat, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, calcium,           phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, carotene.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Zira Siah / Caraway (Carum carvi Linn.); Kalonji / Black Cummin(Nigella sativa Linn.).

 

15            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Carminative, stimulant, tonic, antispasmodic.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

The fruits are used in stomach disorders like diarrhoea indigestion, flatulence.  Are also useful in melancholia, palpitation, weakness of heart, stomach and brain.  Used in atonic dyspepsia, colic, cholera.

 

16.             DOSES

                        3-5 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Dhaniya / Coriander(Coriandrum sativum Linn.);

                        Unnab / Jujube(Zizyphus vulgaris Linn.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Tiryaq- i -Faruq; Jawarish Zar’uni Sada; Jawarish Shehr Yaran; Jawarish Mastagi Kalan; Hab Asgand; Hab Hiltit; Sufuf Dama; Sufuf Muhazzil.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Cassia fistula Linn. (Plate No. 8).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Leguminosae / Caesalpiniaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Cassia rhombifolia Roxb.  Hort.  Beng.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Amaltas.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Hindi- Amaltas, Girimalah; Bengali- Sundali, Amaltas; Arabic- Khayarshambar; Chinese- A Pole, Koui Hoa Ts’  in, Tch' ang ko chou; Persian- Khayarshambar; Pushto- Khalas-palay, Sanskrit- Aragwavadha, Suvarnaka, Rajataru; Sindhi- Chamkani.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Khiyarshambar, Amaltas.

 

7.                  ENGLISH NAME

                        Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia.

 

8.            HABITAT

            A tree commonly planted in gardens throughout Pakistan.  Grows in Swat and Hazara eastwards ascending to 4,000 ft.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A moderate sized 6-10m deciduous tree; branches slender, pubescent at the extremities. Leaves up to 45cm long; leaflets 4-8 pairs, ovate, bright green above, pale beneath.  Flowers large, scented, bright yellow, in long, drooping racemes.  Pods shining dark brown cylindrical pendulous, upto 60cm long and 1.5-3cm in diameter with numerous seeds embedded in black, sweet pulp separated by transverse portion.  Seeds broadly ovate 8mm long 5mm thick.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                        Fruit pulp, root-bark, seeds, leaves, flowers.

ii-TASTE

                          Pulp-sweet; Flowers-bitter acrid with flavour; Seeds-sweetish oily.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 1°, Moist 1°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        The tree flowers from March-June.  The fruit ripens in the cold season.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The pods grow on the tree for most part of the year.  They are picked on ripening.  The pulp is obtained by heating the pods and then breaking them open.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Mucilage, pectin, hydroxymethyl anthraquinones, phlobaphene, aloin, barbaloin, emodin, sugar, glycosides, phenolics, proteins,  resins, tannins, aluminium, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Taranibeen / Manna (Fraxinus ornus Linn.); Tarbad / Turpeth (Operculina turpethum Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Root bark, seeds and leaves are purgative. Fruit is cathartic, antipyretic, dernulcent. Flowers cooling, astringent.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Pulp of the fruit is a safe laxative for children and pregnant women; externally is applied for gout, rheumatism, snake bite. Leaves in the form of paste are used externally in skin diseases.  Bark and leaves, mixed are useful in pustules, ringworm, insect bite, facial paralysis and rheumatism.  Powdered seeds are used for inducing emesis.  Root is useful in fever, biliousness, leprosy, syphilis.

 

16.             DOSES

                        25-50 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                       Mastagi / Mastic (Pistacia Lentiscus Linn.);

                       Anisoon / Anisi (Pimpinella anisum Linn.);

                      Roghan-e-Badam / Almond Oil (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Laooq sapistan Khayar Shambari, Majun Kalkalanj; Laooq Ab Naishakar Wala; Zimad Sumbul-Ut-Teeb.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Jupiter.

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Citrullus colocynthls Schrad. (Plate No. 9).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Cucurbitaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Cucumis colocynthis Linn.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Indrayan.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Bengali & Hindi - Indrayan, Makhal; Arabic- ­Hanzal, Hanzil, Aulqam; Persian- Kavistetalk, Kharbuza- talkh; Punjabi- Tumbi, Ghurumba; Baluchistan- Kurkushta; Lasbela- Darwawal, Kherengiriri; Sibi- Marghuni, Truh, Sindhi­Trujogosht, Trujopar; Zhob- Maraghuna; Sanskrit- Indravaruni, Mahendravaruni, Mahaphala; Pushto- Maraghonae.

 

6.            UNANI / TIBBI NAME

                        Hanzal.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Colocynth; Bitter Apple.

 

8.            HABITAT

            Grows commonly in desert areas.  Is common in Sindh, Baluchistan, Lasbela, Bolan, NWFP, Punjab, Attock.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            An annual or perennial herb; stem prostrate or climbing, slender, angled, branched; tendrils simple, slender with hair. Leaves pale green in colour above whereas greyish on the underside, 3-7 lobed.  Flowers pale yellow in colour.  Fruits smooth, spherical, about 8cm in diameter, green when young turning yellow on ripening.  Seeds brownish, ovate, numerous, contained in soft, spongy, bitter pulp, epicarp is thin.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Dried pulp of the fruit, root.

ii-TASTE

                      Bitter.

iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 4°, Dry 2°.

 

 

 

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Grows wild in sandy and arid regions.  The plant flowers and fruits from September to October.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            Pulp of the unripe fully grown fruit, from which the rind has been removed, is dried.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Colocynthin, colocynthetin, citrullol, elatrin, elatericin B, dihydroelatericin B, colodynthetin, pectin, gum.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Saccmonia / Scammony Resin (Convolvulus scammonia Linn.); Kala- dana (Ipomoea hederacea Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Drastic hydrogogue-cathartic, diuretic, in large doses emetic, gastro-intestinal irritant and in small doses it is an alterative and expectorant.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Dried Fruit Pulp- Is extensively used as a drastic purgative, also in biliousness and intestinal parasites.  Root-used as purgative, in jaundice, ascites, biliary diseases, rheumatism.

 

16.             DOSES

                        1-2 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

            Kateera / Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Roxb.);Roghan Badam / Almond Oil (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Hab-i-Ayarij; Itrifal-i-Deedan.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Cordia latifolia Roxb. (Plate No. 10).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Boraginaceae / Cordiaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Cordia dichotoma Forst. F.; Cordia obliqua willd.; Cordia myxa Roxb.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Lasora.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Dabak, Dabk; Bengali- Bahubara, Bohari, Buhal, Chhotobohnari; Hindi- Bhairala, Bhokar, Chhotalasora, Gondi, Lasora; Persian- Sapistan, Suqpistan; Punjabi- Laswara; Sanskrit- ­Bahuvara, Shlesh malaka, Selu; Sindhi- Giduri, Lesuri; Pushto- Lasora.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Sapistan, Dabk, Babak.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Sebestan Plum.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Mirpur, Billawar.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A small to medium sized tree with glabrous branchless.  Leaves glabrous, entire or dentat:e are elliptic lanceolate to broadly ovate.  Flowers are small, white in colour in glabrous cymes. 1-2 cm long shining fruit, yellowish brown, pink or nearly black when ripe; one seeded.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruit.

            ii-TASTE

                      Sweet.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Moderate 1°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Flowers appear between January to April and the fruits from May to July.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        The fruits are picked and dried when fairly ripe.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

                        Pulp-Sugar, mucilage.  Bark-Cathartin.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Khatmic / Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Anthelmintic, purgative, demulcent, expectorant, pectoral, diuretic, astringent. ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Used in biliousness, chronic fever; diseases of the chest, urinary tract, spleen; for joint pains.  Is also useful in bronchitis, pneumonia and phthisis.

 

16.               DOSES

                        9-15 fruits.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S),

Unnab / Jujube (Zizyphus vulgaris Linn.),

Gul-e-Surkh / Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Laooq-e-Sapistan, Looq-e-Sapistan Khiyar Shambri;  Sufuf Habis; Dayaquza.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Jupiter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Coriandrum sativum Linn. (Plate No. 11).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Umbelliferae; Apiaceae.

 

3.,               SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Dhania.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Hindi – Dhanya;  Bengali - Dhane; Arabic - Kusbara; Persian- Kishniz; Sanskrit- Kustumbari, Dhanyaka; Sindhi- Dhano; Pushto- Dhania.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Kazbura.

 

7.                  ENGLISH NAME

                        Coriander.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Cultivated extensively throughout the hills and plains of Pakistan.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            An annual aromatic herbaceous plant 30-40cm high.  Leaves alternate, pinnatifid or decompound, leaf base auricular.  Pinnules oblong, narrow, obtuse.  Inflorescence of white flowers in terminal compound umbel, involucel usually of 3 short linear lanceolate bracts.  Fruits are 2 - 3.5mm in diameter, yellow to brownish in colour, globular and consist of two halves.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruits.

            ii-TASTE

                      Spicy, acrid.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

Cold 2°, Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Sowing time varies in different parts of the country.  It takes 3-4 months for the crops to mature.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The plants are up-rooted when the fruits are ripe.  These are then dried and thrashed to collect the fruit.

 

13.   CONSTITUENTS

            Flavonoids, fixed oils, glycosides, proteins, amino acids, reducing sugars, resins, saponins, steroids / triterpenes, volatile oils, salts of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Tukhum Kahu / Lettuce Seeds (Lactuca sativa Linn.); Khashkhash / Poppy Seeds (Papaver somniferum Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Carminative, exhilarant, refrigerant, diuretic,  stomachic, aphrodisiac   stimulant, laxative.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            The fruits are used in stomach disorders like diarrhoea, indigestion, flatulence.  Are also useful in melancholia, palpitation, weakness of heart, stomach and brain.  Appetite stimulant.

 

16.             DOSES

                        Powder- 5 to 7 g; Oil- 1 to 4ml.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        .Egg, Honey, Lemon Juice.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Itrifal Zamani; Jawarish Shahi; lt:rifal Kishneezi; itrifal Muqawwi-e-Dimagh; Raughan-e-Kishneez; Arq-e-Amber; Qurs-e-Tabasheer Qabiz.

 

19. ASTROLOGY

                        Saturn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Cuminum cyminum Linn. (Plate No. 12).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Umbelliferae / Apiaceaea.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Zirah Safaid.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Kamun Abyaz; Hindi- jira, Zeera; Bengali- Jira; Persian- Zira; Punjabi ­Zira-Sufaid,.  Sindhi- Zero, Sanskrit- jiraka Ajaji, Ajmoda, jira; Pushto- Aspina Zankay.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Zirah Safaid.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Cumin.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Is found in Baluchistan, Loralai, Kurram, Chitral, Gilgit.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A small slender herb attaining the height of nearly 30cm. Stem branched, angular or striated. Leaves bluish green twice or thrice 3-partite. Flowers white or rose coloured, umbels compound.  Fruits grey in colour 0.5cm long, apex and base tapering, compressed laterally with ridges.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruits.

            ii-TASTE

                      Spicy, bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 2°; Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Seeds are sown from end February to early March or for the second crop at the end of October to middle of December.  The plants bear. fruit within 2-3 months of sowing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The plants are ready for harvesting when the fruit ripens but is still green.  The plants are allowed to dry for 2 to 3 days and then thrashed to separate the seeds.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Volatile oil containing cumaldehyde, proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A & C.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Zira Siah / Caraway(Caruin carvi Linn.).

 

15            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Stimulant, carminative, stomachic, astringent.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Is useful in diarrhoea and dyspepsia.  In cold and phlegmatic diseases, enlarged spleen.

 

16.            DOSES

                        3-5 g.

 

17.            CORAECTIVE(S)

                        Kateera / Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Roxb.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Majoon Bawasir; Sufuf Hazim; Sufuf Chutki; Arq Hazim; Arq Zirah; Jawarish Mastagi.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Curcuma longa Linn. (Plate No. 13).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Zingiberaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Curcuma domestica valeton.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Haldi.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic - Auruk-e-safur, Kurkum, Auruk-e-sabaghin, Auruk-e-sufr, Zarsud; Bengali- Haldi, Pitras; Hindi- Haldi; Chinese- ­Chiang Huang; Persian- Darzardi, Zardchubah; Punjabi- Haldar, Halja, Haldi; Sanskrit- Haldi Haridra; Sindhi- Heed; Pushto- Curcaman.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Zardchob.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME,

                        Turmeric.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Is cultivated in the N. W. F. P., Haripur, Hazara.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            60cm - lm high perennial herb with a short stem.  Flowers grow in spikes 10-15cm long with pale green bracts.  Rhizomes are thick, large, ovoid and orange colored.  Leaves are tufted and very large.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Root.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 2°, Dry 3°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Planted in April-August and the crop is ready for harvesting within 9-10 months.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            Raw brownish-yellow turmeric is dug up with hand picks, freed from adhering dirt and fibrous roots.  Broken into pieces and then cured and polished.  The process of curing and polishing involves boiling in water till the rhizomes soften, cooling gradually and drying in the open.  Dried rhizomes are rubbed on a rough surface to give them colour and polish.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Crystalline colouring matter curcumin, curcumoids, essential oil, protein, fat, carbohydrates, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Majitha / Madder (Rubia cordifolia Linn.); Ambhaldi / Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Is a bitter, carminative, maturant, diuretic, stomachic, blood purifier, antiseptic, antiparasitic, tonic.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Has been found useful in respiratory diseases like bronchitis, bronchial asthma, affections of the liver and jaundice, urinary discharges. is applied externally to scabies, sprains, wounds and bruises.

 

16.             DOSES

                        1-2 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Turanj / Citron (Citrus medica Linn.); Lemon Juice.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Hab Haldi, Marham Jadwar, Sunun Zard; Roghan Surkh, Hab Narkachur.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        sun.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Emlica officinalis Gaertn. (Plate No. 14).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Euphorbiaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Phyllanthus emblica Linn.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Anwala.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Amlaj; Bengali- Amlaki, Amla; Persian- ­Amla, Amuleh; Hindi- Amala, Aonla; Punjabi- ­Amla, Ambal; Kashmiri- Anola; Sanskrit- ­Adiphala, Dhatriphala, Amalaka; Sindhi - Ariwara; Pushto- Amlay.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Amlaj, Amla.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Emblic Myrobalan, Indian Gooseberry.

 

8.            HABITAT

            it is wild in the foothills from Hazara and Rawalpindi districts eastwards, ascending to 4500 ft.  Also cultivated in the plains.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

                        E. officinalis is a small or medium sized deciduous tree; bark smooth greenish grey. Leaves light green feathery with small, narrowly oblong, linear pinnate leaflets. The flowers are greenish yellow.  The fruit 1.3cm in diameter is globose, fleshy and obscurely 6-lobed; is green when tender turning to light yellow or brick-red on ripening. Seed trigonous.

 

10.       I-PARTS USED

                  Fruit.

            ii-TASTE

                  Acrid and sour.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Cold 2°, Dry 3°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Flowers appear during summer from March to May whereas the fruits ripen in winter.

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        The fruits are picked from October to April, dried and stored.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Fruit is a rich source of vitamin C. Contains tannin, protein, fat, minerals like calcium, phosphorus, ferrous, nicotinic acid.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Choti Har / Chebulic Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz.)

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Fruit is astringent, refrigerant, diuretic, laxative, aperient.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Fruit is useful in chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhage, anaemia, jaundice, dyspepsia.  Is used as a heart and brain tonic.

 

16.             DOSES

                        3-10 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Shehad / Honey; Raughan Badam / Almond Oil (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Sharbat Amla; Muraba Amla; Jawarish Amla; Jawarish Shahi; Atraiphal; Majun Mundi,  Majun Kalan.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Saturn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Ferula foetida Regel. (Plate No. 15).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Umbelliferae; Apiaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

            Ferula asafoetida Linn; F.alliacea; F. narthex Boiss.  F.; F.scorodosma Bentley.; Narthex asafoetida Falc.; Scorodosma foetidum Bunge.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Anjdon, Hing.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Haltit, Hiltut; Chinese- A Wei, O Oui; Bengali- Hingra; Kasmir-Anjudan; Persian- ­Angadana, Anguza, Anguzeh; Sanskrit- ­Agudaganadha, Balhika, Bhutari, Hingu; Pushto- ­Inja; Sindhi- Vaghayani, Vagharni; Punjabi­Hing; Baluchistan- Hinghi, Hinga, Ushi; Kashmir- Yang.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Hilteet, Anguza.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Asafoetida.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Baluchistan, Noshki, Zarghun and Harboi Hills.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            Perennial herb.  Leaves 2-4 pinnatifid or 2-4 pinnate, lower leaves 30-60 cm.  Umbels compound.  Flowers yellow often polygamous petals ovate, obtuse or emerginate.  Fruit orbicular or ellipsoid, much compressed dorsally.  Seed much dorsally compressed, inner surface plane.

 

10.       I-PARTS USED

                      Gum-resin.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter and acrid.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 4°, Dry 2°.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Just before flowering of the plant at the end of March.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            A slice is cut off from the top of the root stock.  A thick gummy reddish substance appears in irregular lumps upon the exposed surface; this exudate is scrapped off in spring and placed in a leather bag.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Resin- ferulic acid, umbelliferone, asaresinotannols, farnesiferols A, B, C.  Gum-­glucose, galactose, L-arabinose, rhaninose, glucuronic acid, volatile oil, valeric acid, traces of vanillin.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Jausheer / Galbanum (Ferula galbaniflua Boiss.)

                        Tukhum Gajar / Seeds of Carrot (Daucus carota Linn.);

                        Zeera / Cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                      Antispasmodic, stimulant, carminative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Is useful in colic, cholera, pneumonia, bronchitis, nervous disorders like hysteria.

 

16.             DOSES

                        400mg.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Zarishk / Berberry (Berberis aristata DC.);

                        Anisoon / Anisi (Pimpinella anisum Linn.);

                        Kateera / Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Linn.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Hab Hiltit; Sufuf Barq.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Ficus carica Linn. (Plate No. 16).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Moraceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Anjir.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

                                Bengali&Hindi- Anjir; Arabic- Teen; Pushto- ­Anzir; Sanskrit- Anjira.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Teen, Anjeer.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Fig.

 

8.            HABITAT

            A native of Asia Minor.  Is frequently cultivated upto 5000 ft. in Baluchistan and to 4000 ft. in Hazara.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A tree of moderate size, 4-9m high. Leaves have 3-5 lobes.  Flowers hypanthodium.  Fruits are axillary pear-shaped, of various sizes and usually whitish-red or blackish-brown in colour.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruits.

            ii-TASTE

                      Sweet.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 1°, Moist 2°

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

Receptacles             : January to April

Ripe Fruit             : June to October

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

The fruit is collected when it drops from the tree. At this stage it is nearly three-fourth dry.

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Glycosides, proteins, amino acids, resins reducing sugar, triterpenes / steroids,tannins, fixed oils, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, phosphorus, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Badam / Almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.);

                        Mawiz / Grape (Vitis vinifera Linn.);

                        Pista / Pistachio Nut (Pistacia vera Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Attenuant, concoctive resolvent, emollient, demulcent, laxative, nutritive, diuretic.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Fruit is useful in liver and spleen diseases, inflammation, chest pain, epilepsy, asthma, phlegmatic diseases, constipation, paralysis, piles.  Milky juice from fresh green fruit destroys warts.

 

16.             DOSES

                        Dry Anjir up to 32 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

            For fresh Anjir- Sikanjbeen (vinegar Honey drink) and Sharbat Turanj (Citrus medica Linn.) For dry Anjir- Akhrot / Walnut (Juglans regia Linn); Satar (Zataria multifolia Boiss.), Anisoon / Anisi (Pimpinella anisum Linn.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Sharbat Anjir; Sharbat Zoofa Murakkab; Sharbat Sadar; Majun-e-Anjir; Majun-e-Qurtum.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Jupiter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Plate No. 17).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Umbelliferae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Anethum foeniculum Linn.; Foeniculum capillaceum Gilib.; F. officinale All.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Saunf.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Raziyanaj, Bengali- Mauri, Panmuhori; Chinese- Huai Hsiang; Hindi- Barisaunf, Saunf, Sonp Sont; Persian- Badiyan; Sanskrit- ­Shatapushpa, Madhurika; Pushto- Kagah. Sindhi-­Saunf.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Badiyan.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Fennel, Finkel, Sweet Fennel.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Widely cultivated throughout the plains of Pakistan.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            Is a biennial or perennial herb with erect branched stems.  Leaves 2-4 pinnate with narrow, linear or subulate segments. 15-20 rayed large umbels of yellow flowers. Fruit greenish brown about 0.5cm long with prominent ridges.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruit.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter sweet.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                  Hot 3°, Dry 2°.

 

11.   PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Is a market-garden cold weather crop sown in October.  Flowers between March-April.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The crop is harvested from April to May.  The plants are cut while still in a green condition and left on the ground in the shade to dry.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Essential oil, anethole, anisaldehyde, anisic acid, camphene, fenchone, limonene, phellandrene, pinene, pentosan, pectin, trigonelline, choline, iodine, aluminium, copper, lithium, manganese, vitamin A.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Tukhum Karfus / Celery Seed (Apium graveolens Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            I-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

Carminative, stimulant, aromatic, stomachic, diuretic, galactagogue, emmenagogue, purgative.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Used to improve eye sight; in diseases of the spleen, chest, kidney; useful in flatulence, .cough, ,headache, asthma, inflammation and amenorrhoea.

 

16.             DOSES

                        5-7 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Lemon Juice; Sandal / Sandalwood(Santalum album

                        Linn.); Dhaniya / Coriander (Coriandrum sativum

                        Linn.); Kafur / Camphor(Cinnamomum camphora Nees.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Jawarish Raziana, Jawarish Kone; Arq-e-Badian; Laooq Motadil; Qurs Mulayyin; Suf uf Kishrteezi; Roghan Badiyan; Ruh-e-Badiyan.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Plate No. 19)

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Leguminosae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Mulhethi.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Asalussus;      Bengali-    Yashti- madhu; Chinese- Kan Ts’ao; Hindi- Mulhatti; Persian- Bikh-e-mahaka;     Punjabi-    Muleti,     Pushto- Khogawalgy, Pishin / Quetta- Khwazha, Malkhuzi; Sanskrit-    Madhuyashti,     Madhuka,     Sindhi-Mithikathi.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Mulethi.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Liquorice, Sweetwood.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Is found in Baluchistan-Sibi Quetta; grows wild in Sindh, N.W.F.P.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A 90-150cm high perennial plant.  Lanceolate leaflets, acute or obtuse.  Flowers pale blue to purplish-blue in loose racemes.  Flat, straight, oblong and many seeded Pods. Root stock is large and bears numerous long roots.

 

10.       i - PARTS USED

                      Root.

            ii-TASTE

                      Sweet and slightly bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Ho t 2°, Dry 1°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        The plants are ready for uprooting in Autumn. Flowers in late summer.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The plants are pulled out from the soil from the end of September to October.  The roots are cut into pieces and dried.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Glycyrrhizin, asparagin, sugar, starch, acid resin, gum, mucilage, phosphoric, sulphuric, malic acids, potassium, calcium and manganese.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Kateera/Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Roxb.), Anjir /Fig (Ficus carica Linn.).

 

15            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Demulcent, expectorant, laxative, tonic, emollient, emmenagogue, diuretic.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Used in genito-urinary diseases, sore-throat, scorpion stings, diseases of the bladder, liver.  A remedy for cough and lung complaints. Relieves , vomiting, asthma, bronchitis, abdominal colic.

 

16.             DOSES

                        3-7 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Gul-e-Surkh / Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.);

                        Kateera / Tragacanth (Sterculia urens Roxb);

                        Unnab/ jujube (Zizyphus vulgaris Linn.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Sharbat-e-Aijaz; Laooq-e-Sapistan; Laooq-e-Amaltas; Jawarish Asalussus; Laooq Nazli; Sufuf Lodh; Dawa-i-Sandal, Hab Awaz Kusha.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Gossypium herbaceum Linn. (Plate No. 19).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Malvaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Gossypium obtusifolium Roxb.; G. wightianum Tod.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Binola.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Hubulkatan; Bengali- Kapas Beejee; Persian- Panbadana; Sindhi- Kakra; Sanskrit- ­Karpas; Pushto- Pamba.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Qutr, Pamba, Binola.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Cotton Seeds.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Cultivated throughout Punjab, N.W.F.P, Baluchistan.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A biennial or triennial plant with branching stems, 60-180 cm high.  Green twigs, petioles and peduncles are dotted with glands; the stems are purplish.  Leaves are prominently cordate and cut half across into 3, 5, 7, broad ovate lobes.  Stipules are long and linear. Proliferous inflorescence with two or- more yellow flowers having purple spots in the centre.  Capsule splits open when ripe and contains white tuft surrounding the seeds.

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Flowers, leaves, roots, seeds.

            ii-TASTE

                      NIL.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

Hot 2°, Moist 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        During summer when the cotton pods ripen.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            On ripening the pods are collected by hand and the cotton is separated from the seeds by ginning.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Seeds-Quercetin, betaine, choline, carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

            Tukhum Keekar/Seeds Acacia (Acacia arabica Willd.); Tukhum Kurtum/Seeds of Wild Saffron (Cathamus tinctorius).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

Seeds are demulcent, laxative, expectorant, aphrodisiac, galactagogue, diuretic, resolvent.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Used as nervine tonic to fatten the body, to relieve headache, to procure abortion.  Tea of seeds is used for bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery and haemorrhage.

 

16.             DOSES

                        5-9 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Khamira Banafsha (Viola odorata Linn); Sharbat Banafsha; Sugar.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Majun Ard Khurma, Majun Murraweh-ul-Arwah; Majun Pumba -Dana; Majun jiryan Khas; Majun Sa’lab.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Sun.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                   

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Llnn. (Plate No.  20).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Malvaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Gurhal.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Anghara; Bengali- Jiwa, Joba Juwa; Burmese- Kaungyan; Chinese- Ch’uan Chin, Fu Sang; Hindi- Jasum, Jasut, Gurhal; Sanskrit- ­Joba; Sindhi- Rooh-e-Dhan, Gohrawal; Persian- ­Angharee- hind, Pushto- Gurhal.

 

6.            UNANI / TIBBI NAME

                        Gurhal, Gudhal.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Shoe Flower, China Rose, Chinese Hibiscus.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Found throughout Pakistan.  Grown as a garden, ornamental plant.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            An evergreen 2-3 m shrub having stem without prickles.  Short petioled ovate leaves; entire near the base serrated at the apex, both sides glabrous.  Pedicels long, corolla tubular, petals bright - red, staminal tube extending far beyond the petals.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Flowers.

            ii-TASTE

                      Tasteless and mucilaginous.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Moderate, Cold 1°,  Moist 1°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Flowers from April to September.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        Flowers are collected during the flowering .period and dried.

 

 

 

                       

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Mucilage, the glycoside hibiscin, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, iron, cyanidin.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Baad Mushk/Musk Willow (Salix caprea Linn).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDIC'INE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Cardiac stimulant, sedative, thirst quencher, demulcent, emollient, emmenagogue, refrigerant, aphrodisiac.

 

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            The mucilaginous infusion prepared from petals is given in fevers as a refrigerant and demulcent in coughs, in cystitis, strangury and other irritable conditions of the genito urinary tract.

 

16.             DOSES

                        5-7 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Misri / Sugar; Filfil Siah / Black Pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.)

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Sharbat Gurhal.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Moon.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Illicium verum Hook.  F. (Plate No. 21).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Magnoliaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Badian-e-Khatai.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Badian-e-Khatai, Raziyanje-Khatai; Hindi- Anasphal; Persian- Badian-e-Khatai; Sindhi- Vadaf; Pushto- Badian-e-Khatai.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Badian-e-Khatai.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Star Anise, Chinese Anise, Badiana, Anisa Stellata.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        North West Frontier Province.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            An evergreen tree 3 to 5m high.  Leaves entire. Flowers yellow or purple in colour, bi-sexual, 9-petalled or more with about six sepals.  Fruit star shaped dark brown in colour with eight boat:-shaped carpels. Seeds oval shining blackish-brown, hard.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruit.

            ii-TASTE

                      Sweet and aromatic.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 2°, Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Cultivated on the hill slopes.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        Ripe, dry fruit is collected.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Essential oil, resin, tannin, anisic acid, a bitter principle, trans-anethole, estragole, phellandrene, alpha-terpineol, hydroquinone.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Javitri / Mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Reported   to   be   carminative, stomachic, antiseptic, expectorant, stimulant, diuretic, anodyne, lactagogue.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Relieves flatulence, colic.  Also used as an adjuvant to cough mixtures as expectorant. Folk remedy for cholecystitis, colic, constipation dyspepsia, hernia, insomnia, lumbago, rheumatism, toothache.

 

16.             DOSES

                        3-5 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Badian / Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Arq Ma'ul Laham Ambari Ba Nuskha Kalan.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Jupiter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Linum usitatissimum Linn. (Plate No. 22).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Linaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Linum trimervium Roth.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Alsi.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Bazarul Kattan; Bengali- Tisi, Masina; Persian- Bazrak, Tukhumizaghira; Punjabi&Hindi-. Alsi, Tisi, Sanskrit- Uma, Badgandha, Atasi; Pushto- Alsi; Kashmir- Keun.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Katan.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Linseed, Common Flax.

 

8.            HABITAT

            Is a common crop of the plains and hills upto altitudes of 6000 ft  Is cultivated as a commercial crop in Punjab and Sindh.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            Is an annual herb mostly cultivated but: also found growing on wastelands.  Bears blue or white flowers.  Capsule is globose and consists of five carpels each containing two seeds which are flattened, elongated, ovoid having an acute edge; these have glossy polished surfaces and are brown in colour.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Seeds.

            ii-TASTE

                      Tasteless and mucilaginous.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

Dry 1°, Hot 1°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            Sown in plains from October to November whereas in hilly areas in the month of February.  Is ready for harvesting from mid March to end April.

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The plants are cut alongwith the pods and are left to dry in the open for a few days. The seeds are separated from the rest of the plants by beating the dried pods.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Fixed oil, mucilage, protein, wax, carbohydrates, sugar, glycoside linamarin, phosphates of potassium, magnesium and calcium, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin niacin, pantothenic acid, choline, vitamin E.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

Hulba / Fenugreek  Seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

I-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                        Seeds are emollient, digestive, aphrodisiac, demulcent, expectorant, diuretic,             astringent.

            ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

                        Poultice made from seeds is recommended for application on gouty and             rheumatic swelling, inflammations, tumors.  Seed infusion is . used in             pharyngitis, cough problems, for inflammation conditions of the intestinal             colon and the urinary tract e.g. colitis and cystitis.  Soothes conjunctivitis.

 

16.             DOSES

                        5-10 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Kushniz / Coriander (Coriandrum sativum Linn.); Lemon-Juice.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Laooq            Motadil; Laooq Zeequn-Nafs; Laooq

            Kattan; Kairuthee Bazarul        Kattan,.  Majun Mobahee Antaki,.  Marham Dakhliyun,.  Sharbat Sadar; Sufuf Muqliyasa.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Moon.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Melia azadirachta Linn. (Plate No. 23).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Meliaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Neem.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic&Persian- Neeb; Baluchistan,Bengali, Hindi&Punjabi- Nim.  Sindhi- Nimuri; Chinese­Xoan dau; Sanskrit- Nimba, Arishta; Pushto- ­Neem.

 

6.            UNANI / TIBBI NAME

                        Neem.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Morgosa Tree, Indian Lilac, Pakistani Lilac.

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Grows luxuriantly in all parts of the country.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A large evergreen tree.  Leaves 20-25 cm long, dark green. bipinnate; leaflets 9-15, serrate, sub-opposite and unequal at the base. White flowers, scented, grow in bunches and are hermaphrodite; five-lobed Calyx and five petalled.  Staminal tube cylindrical and shorter than the petals.  Fruit a drupe, yellow when ripe; one seeded.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Leaves, flowers, stem, bark, seeds.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

Cold 1°, Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Flowers in March, fruit ripens in June.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            Fresh green leaves are collected during the rainy season when the growth is luxuriant.

 

 

 

 

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Margosin, a crystalline principle, tannic acid, azadirachtin, meliantriol, nimbin, salannin.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Bakain / Persian Lilac (Melia azedarach Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                      Leaves are anthelmintic, maturant, resolvent, aphrodisiac,      carminative,       expectorant, insecticidal, antiseptic.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Leaves lessen inflammation, ear-.ache, rheumatism.  Heal wounds, boils, syphilitic sores,  inflammation, useful in blood impurities, piles, leucoderma,      lumbago. Decoction of the leaves relieves nasal problems, stomatitis and gum infections, ulcers and eczema.

 

16.             DOSES

                        6-10 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Shehad / Honey; Filfil Siah / Black Pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Hab-e-Bawaseer; Hab Narkachur; Hab Siyah Chashm; Majoon Dard-e Raham;  Arq Murakkab; Marham Neem.

 

19.       ASTROLOGY

                        Jupiter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Melia azedarach Linn. (Plate No. 24).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Meliaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Melia sempervirens Sw.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Bakayan.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Ban; Baluchi- Bakain; Bengali- ­Ghoranim, Mohanim; Chinese- Lien Chou,  Hindi- ­Bakain, Drek; Persian- Azadedarakhat; Phushto- ­Bakyana; Punjabi- Bakain; Sanskrit- Akshadru, Mahanimba; Sindhi- Bakayun, Drek; Pushto- ­Bakaina.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Ban; Bakayan.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Persian Lilac.

 

8.            HABITAT

            Is common throughout Pakistan, along roadsides, in gardens and grows upto an elevation of 5000 ft.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A tree attaining the height of 10-12m.  Leaves pinnate, ovate or lanceolate, serrate, glabrous on the upper and lower surface.  Fragrant lilac flowers.  Drupe ellipsoid globose with four seeds.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Fruit, flowers, leaves.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Ho t 2°, Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Flowers appear around March.  The tree fruits in May.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        The fruits are collected when nearly ripe and dried.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            An alkaloid azaridine, resin, tannin, bakayanin, meliotannic acid, benzoic acid, margosine, bakayanic acid.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Tuj / Cassia Lignea (Cinnamomum cassia Blume.);

                        Javitri / Mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt.);

                        Majeeth / Maddar (Rubia cordifolia Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE;

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

                      Deobstruent, resolvent, alexipharmic, tonic.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

                        Used in leprosy and scrofula.

 

16.             DOSES

                        7 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S

                        Anisoon / Anisi (Pimpinella anisum Linn.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Hab Narkachur; Hab Mussafi Khun; Hab-e-Bawaseer; majoon Dard-e-Raham.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Sun.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Mentha arvensis Linn. (Plate No. 25).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Labiate.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        NIL.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Podina, Pudina.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Naanai -hindi; Bengali - Podina; Chinese­- Po Ho; Hindi- Pudinah, Pudina; Persian­- Pudinah; Punjabi- Pudinah; Sanskrit- Pudina; Sindhi- Phudnah.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Pudina.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Mint, Marsh Mint, Corn Mint.

 

8.             HABITAT

                        Azad Kashmir, N.W.F.P, Baluchistan, Punjab.

 

9.                  DESCRIPTION

An erect, slender, hairy or glabrous fragrant perennial herb 15-30cm high.  Leaves roundly ovate, acute or subobtuse, toothed, hairy, shortly petiolate or sessile.  Flowers ellipsoid slightly keeled, pale yellow.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED .

                      Leaves, flowering tops and stems.

            ii-TASTE

                      Aromatic, somewhat bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Hot 2°, Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Propagated from January to February.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        Can be harvested thrice a year-in June. September and November.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Essential oil, stearoptin, menthol peppermint, camphor, d- carvone, carvene, d- sylvestrine and citronellol.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Gandana / Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Aromatic, carminative, stimulant, antispasmodic, stomachic, emmenagogue refrigerant, diuretic.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Is useful in diseases of the liver and spleen, joint pains, jaundice, asthma and in vomiting.

 

16.             DOSES

                        3-6 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        Kateera / Tragacanth (Stercula urens Roxb.).

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Majun Nankhwah; Majun Fotinji, Majun Sangdana Murgh; Majun Khadar; Majun Baladur; Lubub Kabir; Laooq Motadil; Qurs Podina; Arq Hazim; Arq-Podina; Zimad Ushuq; Sikanjbin Nana; Sufuf Nana; Ruh-e-Podina.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Moringa oleifera Lam. (Plate No. 26).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Moringaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM(S)

                        Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Sohanjna.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME (S)

            Bengali- Sojna; Chinese- La Ken; Hindi- Segva, Shajna, Soanjna; Punjabi- Soanjna; Pushto- ­Sohanjna; Sanskrit- Sobhanjana; Sindhi­- Sohanjro.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Sahanjana.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Indian Horseradish, Drumstick Tree..

 

8.            HABITAT

                        Cultivated from Rawalpindi eastwards; also in Sindh.

 

9.            DESCRIPTION

            A fairly large tree with a corky grey bark. Roots are pungent with yellowish soft porous wood; bark light brown externally, white internally, thick, soft and reticulated. Leaves 3-pinnate, pinnae and pinnules opposite, deciduous.  Flowers white, fragrant, grow in large puberulous panicles which are produced in abundance twice or thrice a year; petals spathulate and veined.  Pods about 30cm long, 9- ribbed.  Seeds three angled.

 

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Flowers, roots, fruit, seeds.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter-sharp, acrid.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

Hot 3°, Dry 3°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

                        Flowers from February to April.  Fruiting takes place during May - June.

 

 

 

 

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

                        Flowers are collected on blooming and dried.

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

Fresh root contains an antibiotic pterygospermin; alkaloids moringine, moringinine.  Flowers contain an amorphous base.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        NIL.

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

Root- Abortifacient, carminative, diuretic, stimulant, stomachic, anthelmintic, astringent, cardiac and circulatory tonic.  Flowers ­Stimulant, tonic, diuretic cholagogue, anthelmintic, expectorant.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

Root-Prescribed for intermittent fever, epilepsy, hysteria.  Is considered valuable as a rubefacient, in palsy, chronic rheumatism. Also used for dental caries, sore mouth and throat, enlarged liver. Its tincture is used as an antispasmodic.  In fainting, giddiness, nervous debility.  Also recommended for ascites. Flowers- Stated to increase the flow of bile, cure biliousness, bronchitis.

16.             DOSES

                        20 g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

                        vinegar.

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

                        Murakab-ul-Khuva.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.            BOTANICAL NAME

                        Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Plate No. 27).

 

2.            FAMILY

                        Myristicaceae.

 

3.            SYNONYM (S)

                        Myristica officinalis Linn.

 

4.         URDU NAME

                        Jaiphal.

 

5.            REGIONAL NAME(S)

            Arabic- Jouzbawwa; Bengali- Jaiphal; Chinese­Jou Tou K'ou; Hindi- Jaiphal; Persian- ­Jauzibuya; Punjabi- Jaiphal; Sanskrit- jatiphalam, Sindhi- jafar,.  Pushto- Zaphal.

 

6.            UNANI/TIBBI NAME

                        Jaiphal.

 

7.            ENGLISH NAME

                        Nutmeg.

 

8.                HABITAT

                        Cultivated near the sea-coast.

 

9.                  DESCRIPTION

            An    evergreen tree 5-15m high with greyish-brown smooth bark.  Leaves pale – yellow brown, elliptic oblong or lanceolate, acuminate.  Flowers bract:eolate, ellipsoid. Fruit ovoid, subglobose.

10.       i-PARTS USED

                      Seed Kernels.

            ii-TASTE

                      Bitter.

            iii-TEMPERAMENT

                        Ho t 2°, Dry 2°.

 

11.            PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE

            The tree bears fruit at the age of 6-7 years and remains productive for 30-40 years.

 

12.            PROCEDURE & TIME OF COLLECTION

            The fruit is harvested by means of a barb on a long stick.  The seeds are separated and dried for 3-6 weeks first in the sun and then over slow fire on gratings.  Seeds are cracked to remove kernels.

 

 

                       

 

13.            CONSTITUENTS

            Fat, phytostearin, starch, amylodextrin, protein, colouring matter, saponin, calcium, iron, phosphorus.  Volatile oil contains     eugenol,    d-    pinene, d-camphene, 1-terpineol, geraniol, myristicin, myristic acid, elemicin .soelemicin isoeugenol.

 

14.            SUBSTITUTES

                        Javitri / Mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt.),

                        Balchar / Valerian (Valeriana officinalis Linn.).

 

15.            ACTION(S) AND USE(S) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

            i-PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION(S)

            Digestive, carminative, stomachic, diuretic, lactagogue, aphrodisiac, hypnotic, stimulant, tonic.

ii-THERAPEUTIC USE(S)

            Helps relieve flatulency; useful in nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea associated with cholera. Is useful in diseases of the liver, spleen, headache, palsy, eye troubles.

 

16.             DOSES

                        500 mg  -   1g.

 

17.            CORRECTIVE(S)

            Shehad / Honey; Kishnez / Coriander (Coriandrum sativum Linn.); Banafsha / Violet Herb (Viola odorata Linn.) .

 

18.            IMPORTANT UNANI FORMULATION(S)

            Jawarish Ood Shireen; Hab Asaab; Hab Jodwar; Majoon Chobe Cheney; Jawarish Zanjibil; Roghan Kalan; Itrifal Ghudadi.

 

19.             ASTROLOGY

                        Mars and Sun.